I was unable to add QML resources to a QT Quick application with CMake 2.8 installed on my machine, so I built the latest version of CMake with the following commands:

cd ~/examples
mkdir tools
cd tools
mkdir install
tar -xf ~/Downloads/cmake-3.9.1.tar.gz
cd cmake-3.9.1/
./configure --prefix=/home/dmitry/examples/tools/install/
make -j4
make install

Now my QT application is compiled and run successfully:

~/examples/tools/install/bin/cmake ../../OsgQmlTest/ -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Debug -DCMAKE_MODULE_PATH=/home/user/3rdpart/osg/CMakeModules/ -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/home/dmitry/examples/install
make -j4
make install

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The following section in OsgQtQuick‘s CMakeLists.txt:

find_package(OpenSceneGraph 3.0 REQUIRED
  osg
  osgQt
  osgDB
  osgGA
  osgManipulator
  osgUtil
  osgViewer
  osgText)

results in CMake searching for FindOpenSceneGraph.cmake file:

strace cmake ../../osgqtquick/ -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Debug -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/home/dmitry/examples/install |& grep -i OpenSceneGraph

access("/home/dmitry/examples/osgqtquick/cmake/FindOpenSceneGraph.cmake", R_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
access("/usr/share/cmake-2.8/Modules/FindOpenSceneGraph.cmake", R_OK) = 0
access("/usr/share/cmake-2.8/Modules/FindOpenSceneGraph.cmake", R_OK) = 0
stat("/usr/share/cmake-2.8/Modules/FindOpenSceneGraph.cmake", {st_mode=S_IFREG|0644, st_size=7438, ...}) = 0
open("/usr/share/cmake-2.8/Modules/FindOpenSceneGraph.cmake", O_RDONLY) = 3
read(3, "# - Find OpenSceneGraph\n# This m"..., 8192) = 7438
read(3, "/* -*-c++-*- OpenSceneGraph - Co"..., 4096) = 3495
read(3, "/* -*-c++-*- OpenSceneGraph - Co"..., 8191) = 3495
  Could NOT find OpenSceneGraph (missing: OPENSCENEGRAPH_LIBRARIES
  OPENSCENEGRAPH_INCLUDE_DIR OSG_FOUND OSGQT_FOUND OSGDB_FOUND OSGGA_FOUND
  /usr/share/cmake-2.8/Modules/FindOpenSceneGraph.cmake:187 (FIND_PACKAGE_HANDLE_STANDARD_ARGS)
access("/usr/share/cmake-2.8/Modules/FindOpenSceneGraph.cmake", R_OK) = 0

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I already had QT 5.5.1 with GCC 4.7.3 (and probably some libraries, including libcurl4-gnutls-dev, libgdal-dev, glut, that are installed, but not built) on my machine, so I built OSG with the following commands (I am not sure that it makes a sense to clone recursively, but making with ‘CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Debug’ can be better than with ‘debug’ or ‘DEBUG’, because CMAKE does case-sensitive compare. We can build osgEarth 2.8 against OSG 3.4 or osgEarth master branch against OSG 3.4 or newer..):

cd ~
mkdir examples
cd examples
mkdir install
git clone --recursive https://github.com/openscenegraph/OpenSceneGraph.git
git tag
git reset --hard OpenSceneGraph-3.4.0
mkdir -p build/osg
cd build/osg
cmake ../../OpenSceneGraph/ -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Debug -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/home/dmitry/examples/install
make -j3 install
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$LD_LIBRARY_PATH:/home/dmitry/examples/install/lib64
~/examples/install/bin
./osgversiond

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If you need Russian language, for example, in KDE you go to System Settings->Input Devices->Keyboard, press Add button and select it:

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I worked a long time with MS Windows before, and when I started to work with KDE, the most annoying thing was that in KDE’s default configuration I was unable to use Shift+NumPad arrows/End/Home to select the text in a text edtor (QT Creator, for example) and copy/paste with Ctrl+Ins/Shift+Ins. This way of copying and pasting is the favorite for me, because Ctrl and Shift are big buttons located at the left side of the keyboard and Ins is one of the biggest right button, so they can be quickly used by both hands. Fortunately there is built-in setting in KDE that enables all my shortcuts: