Category Archives: Programming languages

Specialization of parameterless template function in C++

At least this compiles and works:

#include <iostream>
#include <memory>
#include <string>

template <class T>
std::shared_ptr<T> make_instance();

template <class T> requires std::is_default_constructible_v<T>
std::shared_ptr<T> make_instance()
{
    return std::make_shared<T>();
}
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How I fixed my contact form

When I switched to PHP 7.4 I forgot to specify sendmail_path parameter in php.ini and my contact form stopped working. Today I found sendmail_path parameter in PHP 7.0:

cd /etc/php
find . -name "php.ini"
./7.0/fpm/php.ini
./7.0/cgi/php.ini
./7.0/cli/php.ini
./7.4/fpm/php.ini
./7.4/cli/php.ini
grep sendmail ./7.0/fpm/php.ini
sendmail_path = "/usr/sbin/sendmail -t -f *****@yandex.ru -i"
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Throwing an exception from a function parameter in C++

There is no difference between lines 82 and 92 in the code below with both MSVC2022 and GCC11:

#include <utility>
#include <stdexcept>
#include <iostream>

struct Object
{
    virtual const char* name() = 0;

    virtual ~Object() = default;
};

struct A : public Object
{
    const char* name() override
    {
        return "A";
    }
};
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The rule of three/five/zero in C++

static_cast can’t convert from a virtual base class in C++

It converts only from non-virtual base class subobject:

struct B
{
    virtual ~B() {};
};

struct D : public virtual B { };

int main()
{
    D d;
    B& br1 = d;

    // cannot convert a 'B*' to a 'D*'; conversion from a virtual base class is implied
    // static_cast<D&>(br1); 

    dynamic_cast<D&>(br1);

    return 0;
}

Storage duration and linkage in C++

In the vernacular they say stack and heap, but the standard call this automatic and dynamic:

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How we use forwarding references with ranges in C++

The parameter or print function is a forwarding reference because the range can change while being iterated, but the current value is l-value reference:

#include <string>
#include <vector>
#include <ranges>
#include <iostream>

template <class R, class Value>
concept range_over = std::ranges::range<R> &&
    std::same_as<std::ranges::range_value_t<R>, Value>;

template <range_over<std::string> Range>
void print(Range&& range)
{
    for (const std::string& val : range)
    {
        std::cout << val << std::endl;
    }
}
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Value category is a property of an expression in C++ or std::forward explained

The code below prints l-value:

#include <iostream>

namespace
{
    void foo(const int&)
    {
        std::cout << "const l-value" << std::endl;
    }

    void foo(int&)
    {
        std::cout << "l-value" << std::endl;
    }

    void foo(int&&)
    {
        std::cout << "r-value" << std::endl;
    }
}
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The right way to capture std::unique_ptr into a lambda expression

Starting from C++14:

#include <string>
#include <memory>

int main()
{
    std::unique_ptr<std::string> p = std::make_unique<std::string>("abc");

    auto func = [p = std::move(p)]()
    {
    };

    func();

    return 0;
}
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MSVC 2022 compiler bug

Static asserts in the code below do not fail with MSVC 19.32.31332 for x86:

#include <string>

int main()
{
    std::string v = "abc";

    auto func = [v]()
    {
        auto& l_ref = v;

        static_assert(std::is_same_v<decltype(l_ref), std::string&>);

        auto&& r_ref = std::move(v);

        static_assert(std::is_same_v<decltype(r_ref), std::string&&>);
    };

    func();

    return 0;
}

that is MSVC compiler bug. With GCC both l_ref and r_ref are const references.

Thanks to stackoverflow.com.

Reported this to Microsoft.

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