Category Archives: Programming languages

An Interface Segregation Principle (ISP) example

#include <iostream>
#include <memory>
#include <string>
#include <vector>

struct IObject {
    virtual ~IObject() = default;

    /// Returns the name of the object.
    virtual std::string getName() const = 0;

    /// Prints a textual description of the object.
    virtual void describe() const = 0;

    /// Eats another object.
    virtual bool eat(IObject* other) = 0;
};
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An investigation of why dynamic_cast violates LSP

Signal sender cast in QT

QT implies that the client code will do qobject_cast that is actually dynamic_cast:

awl::ProcessTask<void> MarketModel::coPlaceOrder(OrderPtr p)
{
    // Update SQLite databse...
    // ...
    // QT signals are used in both C++ and QML.
    // They works with QObject*, and they are not aware of concrete types.
    QObject::connect(p.get(), &OrderModel::statusChanged, this, &MarketModel::onOrderStatusChanged);
}
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Examples of const function parameters in C++

Examples with int

Compiles without warnings with MSVC:

class A
{
public:

    void f(const int a);
};

void A::f(int a)
{
    a = 10;
    std::cout << a;
}
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Investigating cobalt::generator

Standard C++ generator

The code below demonstrates how standard C++23 synchronous generator works:

#include <boost/cobalt.hpp>
#include <iostream>
#include <generator>

namespace cobalt = boost::cobalt;

std::generator<int> numbers()
{
    for (int i = 1; i <= 5; ++i)
    {
        co_yield i;
    }
}
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Building boost::cobalt with MSVC 2022

cd C:\dev\repos\boost_1_89_0

set OPENSSL_ROOT_DIR=C:/dev/libs/OpenSSL
set OPENSSL_USE_STATIC_LIBS=ON
 
bootstrap.bat

b2 cxxstd=20 install --with-system --with-thread --with-cobalt --prefix=C:/dev/libs/boost_1_89_0 --toolset=msvc-14.3 -s _WIN32_WINNT=0x0A00 link=static runtime-link=static variant=release address-model=64
b2 cxxstd=20 install --with-system --with-thread --with-cobalt --prefix=C:/dev/libs/boost_1_89_0 --toolset=msvc-14.3 -s _WIN32_WINNT=0x0A00 link=static runtime-link=static variant=debug address-model=64
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Using Frida to hook Win API calls

python -m pip install frida-tools
Collecting frida-tools
  Downloading frida-tools-14.4.5.tar.gz (4.7 MB)
     ━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━ 4.7/4.7 MB 2.8 MB/s  0:00:01
  Installing build dependencies ... done
  Getting requirements to build wheel ... done
  Preparing metadata (pyproject.toml) ... done
Requirement already satisfied: colorama&lt;1.0.0,&gt;=0.2.7 in c:\dev\tools\python313\lib\site-packages (from frida-tools) (0.4.6)
Collecting frida&lt;18.0.0,&gt;=17.2.8 (from frida-tools)
  Downloading frida-17.2.17-cp37-abi3-win_amd64.whl.metadata (2.3 kB)
Collecting prompt-toolkit&lt;4.0.0,&gt;=2.0.0 (from frida-tools)
  Downloading prompt_toolkit-3.0.52-py3-none-any.whl.metadata (6.4 kB)
Collecting pygments&lt;3.0.0,&gt;=2.0.2 (from frida-tools)
  Downloading pygments-2.19.2-py3-none-any.whl.metadata (2.5 kB)
Collecting websockets&lt;14.0.0,&gt;=13.0.0 (from frida-tools)
  Downloading websockets-13.1-cp313-cp313-win_amd64.whl.metadata (7.0 kB)
Collecting wcwidth (from prompt-toolkit&lt;4.0.0,&gt;=2.0.0-&gt;frida-tools)
  Downloading wcwidth-0.2.13-py2.py3-none-any.whl.metadata (14 kB)
Downloading frida-17.2.17-cp37-abi3-win_amd64.whl (41.8 MB)
   ━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━ 41.8/41.8 MB 10.6 MB/s  0:00:04
Downloading prompt_toolkit-3.0.52-py3-none-any.whl (391 kB)
Downloading pygments-2.19.2-py3-none-any.whl (1.2 MB)
   ━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━ 1.2/1.2 MB 10.4 MB/s  0:00:00
Downloading websockets-13.1-cp313-cp313-win_amd64.whl (159 kB)
Downloading wcwidth-0.2.13-py2.py3-none-any.whl (34 kB)
Building wheels for collected packages: frida-tools
  Building wheel for frida-tools (pyproject.toml) ... done
  Created wheel for frida-tools: filename=frida_tools-14.4.5-py3-none-any.whl size=4699595 sha256=115f2de0f912d70ee9eed25c26b0460f4fe24213359dd46a0ffec3e96e24c911
  Stored in directory: c:\users\dmitr\appdata\local\pip\cache\wheels\a6\b2\fb\eff238e22a7ceffee8c7a366ce7ff4011af13c77a103f870d4
Successfully built frida-tools
Installing collected packages: wcwidth, websockets, pygments, prompt-toolkit, frida, frida-tools
   ━━━━━━━━━━━━━╺━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━ 2/6 [pygments]  WARNING: The script pygmentize.exe is installed in 'C:\dev\tools\Python313\Scripts' which is not on PATH.
  Consider adding this directory to PATH or, if you prefer to suppress this warning, use --no-warn-script-location.
   ━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━╺━━━━━━ 5/6 [frida-tools]  WARNING: The scripts frida-apk.exe, frida-compile.exe, frida-create.exe, frida-discover.exe, frida-itrace.exe, frida-join.exe, frida-kill.exe, frida-ls-devices.exe, frida-ls.exe, frida-pm.exe, frida-ps.exe, frida-pull.exe, frida-push.exe, frida-rm.exe, frida-trace.exe and frida.exe are installed in 'C:\dev\tools\Python313\Scripts' which is not on PATH.
  Consider adding this directory to PATH or, if you prefer to suppress this warning, use --no-warn-script-location.
Successfully installed frida-17.2.17 frida-tools-14.4.5 prompt-toolkit-3.0.52 pygments-2.19.2 wcwidth-0.2.13 websockets-13.1
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Printing a package property in CMake

By example of spdlog package:

find_package(spdlog 1.13.0 EXACT REQUIRED)

message("spdlog_FOUND: ${spdlog_FOUND}")

get_property(SPDLOG_INTERFACE_INCLUDE_DIRECTORIES TARGET spdlog::spdlog_header_only PROPERTY INTERFACE_INCLUDE_DIRECTORIES)
message(STATUS "Location of spdlog: ${SPDLOG_INTERFACE_INCLUDE_DIRECTORIES}")

Subscribing to all ByBit trade streams in Python

from pybit.unified_trading import WebSocket
from pybit.unified_trading import HTTP
from time import sleep

session = HTTP(testnet=False)

info = session.get_instruments_info(category="spot")

symbol_infos = info["result"]["list"]

websockets = []

def handle_message(message):
    print(message)

def subscribe(websockets, symbols):
    print(f'Subscribing to {symbols}')
    ws = WebSocket(
        testnet=False,
        channel_type="spot",
    )
    ws.trade_stream(symbol=symbols, callback=handle_message)
    websockets += [ws]
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Subscribing to ByBit WebSocket streams in Python

Spot is limited to 10 symbols:

from pybit.unified_trading import WebSocket
from time import sleep

ws = WebSocket(
    testnet=True,
    channel_type="spot",
)

def handle_message(message):
    print(message)

#ws.orderbook_stream(50, "BTCUSDT", handle_message)
ws.ticker_stream(symbol=["BTCUSDT", "ETHUSDT"], callback=handle_message)

while True:
    sleep(1)
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An example of using base iterator in C++

The code below demonstrates how to access underlying range iterator by transformed iterator:

struct A
{
    int x;
};

struct B
{
    A* a;
};

std::vector<B> v;

int main()
{
    auto a_range = v | std::views::transform(std::mem_fn(&B::a));

    auto i = std::ranges::find(a_range, 5, std::mem_fn(&A::x));

    A* a = *i;

    B& b = *(i.base());
}
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